Transpharyngeal approach for Eagle syndrome - case report and literature review

Symptomatic elongation of styloid process or mineralization of stylohyoid ligament is referred to as Eagle's syndrome, which usually presents as a vague head and neck pain radiating to jaws, pharyngodynia, difficulty in swallowing, dysphagia, otalgia, and sensation of foreign body in throat leading to wide range of differential diagnosis. Instead of many hypothesis and studies, the exact etiology of styloid process and role of ectopic calcification are unknown. History and physical examination plays a pivotal role in diagnosis and is confirmed by radiological investigation. Treatment modalities include both conservative and surgical management by intraoral and extra oral approaches

Pattern and factors affecting caffeine consumption among students in a medical university in Ajman, UAE

To evaluate the rate of caffeine consumption amongst students studying in Gulf Medical University and to assess the factors that affect caffeine intake. Also, to assess the perceived health effects of caffeine consumption and to estimate students' knowledge about caffeine and its health effects. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Gulf Medical University in Ajman on students of all colleges including: MBBS, Pharm D, BPT, and DMD. A self- administered questionnaire was used to collect the data and was analyzed using the SPSS programs. Data was collected from 303 students. Chi square test was used to test associations between the year of study and the gender with the caffeine consumption in students. The study population comprised of 66.30% females and 33.20% males. 86.60% of the participants were consumers of caffeinated beverages while the rest were non-users. 73.80% students did not have a perceived addiction to caffeine while 26.20% said they have a perceived addiction to caffeine. The most common reason for caffeine intake was seeing others take caffeinated beverages made them crave for caffeine. And other reasons were observed to be taking caffeine as a morning habit, as a preference for their taste, help to deal with anxiety and help to feel alert. 69.30% participants said that they consumed caffeine the most during tests and examination while only 30.70% consumed caffeine in a normal day. 62.30% agreed that caffeine is addictive and only 9.90% of participants agreed that drinking caffeinated beverages decreases the risk of getting Parkinson's disease. A very high percentage of people were found to consume caffeine in the form of beverages and the most common reasons for caffeine consumption were due to craving. About 1/3[rd] of the participants experienced increased urination as the most common side-effect upon consumption of caffeine following with restlessness, insomnia and stomach irritation. More than 2/3[rd] of the participants had a perceived addiction to caffeine. A very few percentage of participants had the knowledge about the benefits of caffeine on the body